CLEMENCIA B. VDA. DE VILLONGCO V. HON. FLORENCIO MORENO

G.R. No. L-17240             January 31, 1962

FACTS
This case involves the application and interpretation of Republic Act. No. 2056, entitled "An Act to prohibit, remove and/or demolish the construction of dams, dikes or any works in public navigable waters or waterways and in communal fishing grounds, to regulate works in such waters or waterways and in communal fishing grounds, and to provide penalties for its violation, and for other purposes.

On August 15, 1958, Senator Rogelio de la Rosa complained with the Secretary of Public Works and Communications against several fishpond owners in Macabebe, Pampanga, among whom is petitioner herein Clemencia B. Vda. de Villongco. The complaint charges that petitioner has appropriated a portion of the coastal waters of Pampanga, locally known as "Pantion", converting portions of the coastal areas into fishponds. Investigations were conducted under the authority of the Secretary.

It was found that the conversion of this area into a fishpond by the petitioner deprived complainants of the uses of the area as a fishing ground and for navigation. The petitioners contend that this area is owned by them as shown by the title. A relocation survey, based on the title, was made to determine whether the fishpond constructions and/or works of the petitioner are within the titled property. Said survey shows that a portion of Manila Bay was included as part of the fishpond. Thereafter, the petitioner insists that the area being covered by a Torrens Certificate of Title, the title thereon is indefeasible and imprescriptible.

Petitioner herein filed suit in the Court of First Instance of Rizal which rendered a decision declaring that the Secretary of Public Works and Communications was in error in ordering the demolition of the dikes and other constructions of the petitioner Vda. de Villongco on the ground that said portion falls under the exception of Section 2 of Republic Act No. 2056, because it does not interfere with navigation and does not produce inundation and the dikes were constructed before the area was a fishing ground.

The respondent Secretary has appealed from the decision.

ISSUE

Whether the Secretary of Public Works and Communications was correct in ordering for the removal of the dikes constructed by the petitioner herewith.

RULING

Yes. The provisions of RA 2056 disclose that the authority granted the Secretary of Public Works and Communications is to declare that the construction or building of dams, dikes or any other works encroaching on navigable rivers, streams, or any other navigable public waters or waterways is prohibited and to order their removal or demolition.

The area included in the dikes of the petitioner was not a part of the land titled in the name of the petitioner, as shown by the fact that the titled land is clearly a portion of the Manila Bay area or coastal area.

Therefore, it is a public property, not susceptible to appropriation by any private individual, not only because it belongs to the State but also because it is used as a waterway.

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